salmon

salmon

[!IMPORTANT] This is salmon 2.0 — a from-scratch Rust rewrite of salmon. It keeps the same workflow (salmon index → salmon quant → quant.sf) and the same output formats downstream tools read, but it is a new major version with some breaking changes. The most important one: the index format changed, so you must rebuild your index. See MIGRATION.md for the full list of changed/removed/new options.

The final C++ release (salmon 1.12.0) lives on the cpp branch and remains installable as the salmon-cpp conda package.

Single-cell quantification moved to the alevin-fry ecosystem (salmon alevin is removed).

What is salmon?

salmon is a wicked-fast program for highly-accurate, transcript-level quantification from RNA-seq data. It pairs a fast mapping stage — selective alignment, or alignment-free sketch mode (--sketch) — with a massively-parallel statistical model (EM/VBEM over equivalence classes) to estimate transcript abundances. You can give salmon raw sequencing reads, or regular alignments to the transcriptome (an unsorted BAM), and it uses the same inference engine either way.

salmon 2.0 ships as a single portable binary: no compiler, Boost, or system libraries to install.

Installation

# install script (prebuilt binaries: Linux & macOS, x86-64 & aarch64)
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf \
  https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/salmon/releases/latest/download/salmon-cli-installer.sh | sh

# or via cargo (Rust ≥ 1.91)
cargo install salmon-cli

# or via conda
conda install -c bioconda -c conda-forge salmon

# or Docker
docker run --rm combinelab/salmon:latest salmon --version

Quick start

# 0) Unpack the sample data and go to it
tar xzf sample_data.tgz
cd sample_data

# 1) build a reusable index from a transcriptome
salmon index -t transcripts.fasta -i salmon_index -p 16

# 2) quantify (-l A auto-detects the library type)
salmon quant -i salmon_index -l A \
  -1 reads_1.fastq -2 reads_2.fastq -p 4 -o sample_quant

Results land in sample_quant/quant.sf (drop-in for tximport / tximeta / fishpond / swish).

Documentation

Full docs are at https://combine-lab.github.io/salmon — installation, library types, selective-alignment vs. sketch mode, inferential replicates, the migration guide, the CLI reference, and a precise specification of every output file.

Decoy-aware indexing

Accounting for fragments of unexpected origin improves quantification. salmon can index decoy sequence (e.g. the genome) alongside the transcriptome so reads that would otherwise be spuriously assigned to a transcript are absorbed by the decoy. Pass a decoy-name file with -d/--decoys (the decoy records must appear last in the FASTA). See the docs for building a decoy-aware index.

Citation

If you use salmon, please cite:

Patro, R., Duggal, G., Love, M. I., Irizarry, R. A., & Kingsford, C. (2017). Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression. Nature Methods. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4197

License

BSD-3-Clause. See LICENSE.