stumpy

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… image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/main/docs/images/stumpy_logo_small.png :target: https://github.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy :alt: STUMPY Logo

====== STUMPY

STUMPY is a powerful and scalable Python library that efficiently computes something called the matrix profile <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Tutorial_The_Matrix_Profile.html>__, which is just an academic way of saying “for every (green) subsequence within your time series, automatically identify its corresponding nearest-neighbor (grey)”:

… image:: https://github.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/blob/main/docs/images/stumpy_demo.gif?raw=true :alt: STUMPY Animated GIF

What’s important is that once you’ve computed your matrix profile (middle panel above) it can then be used for a variety of time series data mining tasks such as:

• pattern/motif (approximately repeated subsequences within a longer time series) discovery
• anomaly/novelty (discord) discovery
• shapelet discovery
• semantic segmentation
• streaming (on-line) data
• fast approximate matrix profiles
• time series chains (temporally ordered set of subsequence patterns)
• snippets for summarizing long time series
• pan matrix profiles for selecting the best subsequence window size(s)
• and more ... <https://www.cs.ucr.edu/~eamonn/100_Time_Series_Data_Mining_Questions__with_Answers.pdf>__

Whether you are an academic, data scientist, software developer, or time series enthusiast, STUMPY is straightforward to install and our goal is to allow you to get to your time series insights faster. See documentation <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>__ for more information.

---

How to use STUMPY

Please see our API documentation <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html>__ for a complete list of available functions and see our informative tutorials <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials.html>__ for more comprehensive example use cases. Below, you will find code snippets that quickly demonstrate how to use STUMPY.

Typical usage (1-dimensional time series data) with STUMP <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.stump>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np

if __name__ == "__main__":
    your_time_series = np.random.rand(10000)
    window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern 

    matrix_profile = stumpy.stump(your_time_series, m=window_size)

Distributed usage for 1-dimensional time series data with Dask Distributed via STUMPED <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.stumped>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np
from dask.distributed import Client

if __name__ == "__main__":
    with Client() as dask_client:
        your_time_series = np.random.rand(10000)
        window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern 

        matrix_profile = stumpy.stumped(dask_client, your_time_series, m=window_size)

GPU usage for 1-dimensional time series data with GPU-STUMP <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.gpu_stump>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np
from numba import cuda

if __name__ == "__main__":
    your_time_series = np.random.rand(10000)
    window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern
    all_gpu_devices = [device.id for device in cuda.list_devices()]  # Get a list of all available GPU devices

    matrix_profile = stumpy.gpu_stump(your_time_series, m=window_size, device_id=all_gpu_devices)

Multi-dimensional time series data with MSTUMP <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.mstump>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np

if __name__ == "__main__":
    your_time_series = np.random.rand(3, 1000)  # Each row represents data from a different dimension while each column represents data from the same dimension
    window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern

    matrix_profile, matrix_profile_indices = stumpy.mstump(your_time_series, m=window_size)

Distributed multi-dimensional time series data analysis with Dask Distributed MSTUMPED <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.mstumped>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np
from dask.distributed import Client

if __name__ == "__main__":
    with Client() as dask_client:
        your_time_series = np.random.rand(3, 1000)   # Each row represents data from a different dimension while each column represents data from the same dimension
        window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern

        matrix_profile, matrix_profile_indices = stumpy.mstumped(dask_client, your_time_series, m=window_size)

Time Series Chains with Anchored Time Series Chains (ATSC) <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.atsc>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np

if __name__ == "__main__":
    your_time_series = np.random.rand(10000)
    window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern 
    
    matrix_profile = stumpy.stump(your_time_series, m=window_size)

    left_matrix_profile_index = matrix_profile[:, 2]
    right_matrix_profile_index = matrix_profile[:, 3]
    idx = 10  # Subsequence index for which to retrieve the anchored time series chain for

    anchored_chain = stumpy.atsc(left_matrix_profile_index, right_matrix_profile_index, idx)

    all_chain_set, longest_unanchored_chain = stumpy.allc(left_matrix_profile_index, right_matrix_profile_index)

Semantic Segmentation with Fast Low-cost Unipotent Semantic Segmentation (FLUSS) <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.fluss>__:

… code:: python

import stumpy
import numpy as np

if __name__ == "__main__":
    your_time_series = np.random.rand(10000)
    window_size = 50  # Approximately, how many data points might be found in a pattern

    matrix_profile = stumpy.stump(your_time_series, m=window_size)

    subseq_len = 50
    correct_arc_curve, regime_locations = stumpy.fluss(matrix_profile[:, 1], 
                                                    L=subseq_len, 
                                                    n_regimes=2, 
                                                    excl_factor=1
                                                    )

---

Dependencies

Supported Python and NumPy versions are determined according to the NEP 29 deprecation policy <https://numpy.org/neps/nep-0029-deprecation_policy.html>__.

• NumPy <http://www.numpy.org/>__
• Numba <http://numba.pydata.org/>__
• SciPy <https://www.scipy.org/>__

---

Where to get it

conda:

… code:: bash

conda install -c conda-forge stumpy

pip:

… code:: bash

python -m pip install stumpy

pixi:

… code:: bash

pixi add stumpy

uv:

… code:: bash

uv add stumpy

To install stumpy from source, see the instructions in the documentation <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html>__.

---

Documentation

In order to fully understand and appreciate the underlying algorithms and applications, it is imperative that you read the original publications_. For a more detailed example of how to use STUMPY please consult the latest documentation <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>__ or explore our hands-on tutorials <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials.html>__.

---

Performance

We tested the performance of computing the exact matrix profile using the Numba JIT compiled version of the code on randomly generated time series data with various lengths (i.e., np.random.rand(n)) along with different CPU and GPU hardware resources <hardware_>_.

… image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/main/docs/images/performance.png :alt: STUMPY Performance Plot

The raw results are displayed in the table below as Hours:Minutes:Seconds.Milliseconds and with a constant window size of m = 50. Note that these reported runtimes include the time that it takes to move the data from the host to all of the GPU device(s). You may need to scroll to the right side of the table in order to see all of the runtimes.

±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | i | n = 2\ :sup:i | GPU-STOMP | STUMP.2 | STUMP.16 | STUMPED.128 | STUMPED.256 | GPU-STUMP.1 | GPU-STUMP.2 | GPU-STUMP.DGX1 | GPU-STUMP.DGX2 | +==========+===================+==============+=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+================+================+ | 6 | 64 | 00:00:10.00 | 00:00:00.00 | 00:00:00.00 | 00:00:05.77 | 00:00:06.08 | 00:00:00.03 | 00:00:01.63 | NaN | NaN | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 7 | 128 | 00:00:10.00 | 00:00:00.00 | 00:00:00.00 | 00:00:05.93 | 00:00:07.29 | 00:00:00.04 | 00:00:01.66 | NaN | NaN | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 8 | 256 | 00:00:10.00 | 00:00:00.00 | 00:00:00.01 | 00:00:05.95 | 00:00:07.59 | 00:00:00.08 | 00:00:01.69 | 00:00:06.68 | 00:00:25.68 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 9 | 512 | 00:00:10.00 | 00:00:00.00 | 00:00:00.02 | 00:00:05.97 | 00:00:07.47 | 00:00:00.13 | 00:00:01.66 | 00:00:06.59 | 00:00:27.66 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 10 | 1024 | 00:00:10.00 | 00:00:00.02 | 00:00:00.04 | 00:00:05.69 | 00:00:07.64 | 00:00:00.24 | 00:00:01.72 | 00:00:06.70 | 00:00:30.49 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 11 | 2048 | NaN | 00:00:00.05 | 00:00:00.09 | 00:00:05.60 | 00:00:07.83 | 00:00:00.53 | 00:00:01.88 | 00:00:06.87 | 00:00:31.09 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 12 | 4096 | NaN | 00:00:00.22 | 00:00:00.19 | 00:00:06.26 | 00:00:07.90 | 00:00:01.04 | 00:00:02.19 | 00:00:06.91 | 00:00:33.93 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 13 | 8192 | NaN | 00:00:00.50 | 00:00:00.41 | 00:00:06.29 | 00:00:07.73 | 00:00:01.97 | 00:00:02.49 | 00:00:06.61 | 00:00:33.81 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 14 | 16384 | NaN | 00:00:01.79 | 00:00:00.99 | 00:00:06.24 | 00:00:08.18 | 00:00:03.69 | 00:00:03.29 | 00:00:07.36 | 00:00:35.23 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 15 | 32768 | NaN | 00:00:06.17 | 00:00:02.39 | 00:00:06.48 | 00:00:08.29 | 00:00:07.45 | 00:00:04.93 | 00:00:07.02 | 00:00:36.09 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 16 | 65536 | NaN | 00:00:22.94 | 00:00:06.42 | 00:00:07.33 | 00:00:09.01 | 00:00:14.89 | 00:00:08.12 | 00:00:08.10 | 00:00:36.54 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 17 | 131072 | 00:00:10.00 | 00:01:29.27 | 00:00:19.52 | 00:00:09.75 | 00:00:10.53 | 00:00:29.97 | 00:00:15.42 | 00:00:09.45 | 00:00:37.33 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 18 | 262144 | 00:00:18.00 | 00:05:56.50 | 00:01:08.44 | 00:00:33.38 | 00:00:24.07 | 00:00:59.62 | 00:00:27.41 | 00:00:13.18 | 00:00:39.30 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 19 | 524288 | 00:00:46.00 | 00:25:34.58 | 00:03:56.82 | 00:01:35.27 | 00:03:43.66 | 00:01:56.67 | 00:00:54.05 | 00:00:19.65 | 00:00:41.45 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 20 | 1048576 | 00:02:30.00 | 01:51:13.43 | 00:19:54.75 | 00:04:37.15 | 00:03:01.16 | 00:05:06.48 | 00:02:24.73 | 00:00:32.95 | 00:00:46.14 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 21 | 2097152 | 00:09:15.00 | 09:25:47.64 | 03:05:07.64 | 00:13:36.51 | 00:08:47.47 | 00:20:27.94 | 00:09:41.43 | 00:01:06.51 | 00:01:02.67 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 22 | 4194304 | NaN | 36:12:23.74 | 10:37:51.21 | 00:55:44.43 | 00:32:06.70 | 01:21:12.33 | 00:38:30.86 | 00:04:03.26 | 00:02:23.47 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 23 | 8388608 | NaN | 143:16:09.94| 38:42:51.42 | 03:33:30.53 | 02:00:49.37 | 05:11:44.45 | 02:33:14.60 | 00:15:46.26 | 00:08:03.76 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 24 | 16777216 | NaN | NaN | NaN | 14:39:11.99 | 07:13:47.12 | 20:43:03.80 | 09:48:43.42 | 01:00:24.06 | 00:29:07.84 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | NaN | 17729800 | 09:16:12.00 | NaN | NaN | 15:31:31.75 | 07:18:42.54 | 23:09:22.43 | 10:54:08.64 | 01:07:35.39 | 00:32:51.55 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 25 | 33554432 | NaN | NaN | NaN | 56:03:46.81 | 26:27:41.29 | 83:29:21.06 | 39:17:43.82 | 03:59:32.79 | 01:54:56.52 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 26 | 67108864 | NaN | NaN | NaN | 211:17:37.60| 106:40:17.17| 328:58:04.68| 157:18:30.50| 15:42:15.94 | 07:18:52.91 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | NaN | 100000000 | 291:07:12.00 | NaN | NaN | NaN | 234:51:35.39| NaN | NaN | 35:03:44.61 | 16:22:40.81 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+ | 27 | 134217728 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | 64:41:55.09 | 29:13:48.12 | ±---------±------------------±-------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±------------±---------------±---------------+

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Hardware Resources ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

… _hardware:

GPU-STOMP: These results are reproduced from the original Matrix Profile II <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7837898>__ paper - NVIDIA Tesla K80 (contains 2 GPUs) and serves as the performance benchmark to compare against.

STUMP.2: stumpy.stump <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.stump>__ executed with 2 CPUs in Total - 2x Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2650 v4 @ 2.20GHz processors parallelized with Numba on a single server without Dask.

STUMP.16: stumpy.stump <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.stump>__ executed with 16 CPUs in Total - 16x Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2650 v4 @ 2.20GHz processors parallelized with Numba on a single server without Dask.

STUMPED.128: stumpy.stumped <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.stumped>__ executed with 128 CPUs in Total - 8x Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2650 v4 @ 2.20GHz processors x 16 servers, parallelized with Numba, and distributed with Dask Distributed.

STUMPED.256: stumpy.stumped <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.stumped>__ executed with 256 CPUs in Total - 8x Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2650 v4 @ 2.20GHz processors x 32 servers, parallelized with Numba, and distributed with Dask Distributed.

GPU-STUMP.1: stumpy.gpu_stump <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.gpu_stump>__ executed with 1x NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti GPU, 512 threads per block, 200W power limit, compiled to CUDA with Numba, and parallelized with Python multiprocessing

GPU-STUMP.2: stumpy.gpu_stump <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.gpu_stump>__ executed with 2x NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti GPU, 512 threads per block, 200W power limit, compiled to CUDA with Numba, and parallelized with Python multiprocessing

GPU-STUMP.DGX1: stumpy.gpu_stump <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.gpu_stump>__ executed with 8x NVIDIA Tesla V100, 512 threads per block, compiled to CUDA with Numba, and parallelized with Python multiprocessing

GPU-STUMP.DGX2: stumpy.gpu_stump <https://stumpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#stumpy.gpu_stump>__ executed with 16x NVIDIA Tesla V100, 512 threads per block, compiled to CUDA with Numba, and parallelized with Python multiprocessing

---

Running Tests

Tests are written in the tests directory and processed using PyTest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/>__ and requires coverage.py for code coverage analysis. Tests can be executed with:

… code:: bash

./test.sh

---

Python Version

STUMPY supports Python 3.11+ <https://python3statement.org/>__ and, due to the use of unicode variable names/identifiers, is not compatible with Python 2.x. Given the small dependencies, STUMPY may work on older versions of Python but this is beyond the scope of our support and we strongly recommend that you upgrade to the most recent version of Python.

---

Getting Help

First, please check the discussions <https://github.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/discussions>__ and issues <https://github.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=>__ on Github to see if your question has already been answered there. If no solution is available there feel free to open a new discussion or issue and the authors will attempt to respond in a reasonably timely fashion.

---

Contributing

We welcome contributions <https://github.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md>__ in any form! Assistance with documentation, particularly expanding tutorials, is always welcome. To contribute please fork the project <https://github.com/stumpy-dev/stumpy/fork>__, make your changes, and submit a pull request. We will do our best to work through any issues with you and get your code merged into the main branch.

---

Citing

If you have used this codebase in a scientific publication and wish to cite it, please use the Journal of Open Source Software article <http://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.01504>__.

S.M. Law, (2019). *STUMPY: A Powerful and Scalable Python Library for Time Series Data Mining*. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(39), 1504.

… code:: bibtex

@article{law2019stumpy,
  author  = {Law, Sean M.},
  title   = {{STUMPY: A Powerful and Scalable Python Library for Time Series Data Mining}},
  journal = {{The Journal of Open Source Software}},
  volume  = {4},
  number  = {39},
  pages   = {1504},
  year    = {2019}
}

---

References

… _publications:

Yeh, Chin-Chia Michael, et al. (2016) Matrix Profile I: All Pairs Similarity Joins for Time Series: A Unifying View that Includes Motifs, Discords, and Shapelets. ICDM:1317-1322. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7837992>__

Zhu, Yan, et al. (2016) Matrix Profile II: Exploiting a Novel Algorithm and GPUs to Break the One Hundred Million Barrier for Time Series Motifs and Joins. ICDM:739-748. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7837898>__

Yeh, Chin-Chia Michael, et al. (2017) Matrix Profile VI: Meaningful Multidimensional Motif Discovery. ICDM:565-574. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8215529>__

Zhu, Yan, et al. (2017) Matrix Profile VII: Time Series Chains: A New Primitive for Time Series Data Mining. ICDM:695-704. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8215542>__

Gharghabi, Shaghayegh, et al. (2017) Matrix Profile VIII: Domain Agnostic Online Semantic Segmentation at Superhuman Performance Levels. ICDM:117-126. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8215484>__

Zhu, Yan, et al. (2017) Exploiting a Novel Algorithm and GPUs to Break the Ten Quadrillion Pairwise Comparisons Barrier for Time Series Motifs and Joins. KAIS:203-236. Link <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10115-017-1138-x>__

Zhu, Yan, et al. (2018) Matrix Profile XI: SCRIMP++: Time Series Motif Discovery at Interactive Speeds. ICDM:837-846. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8594908>__

Yeh, Chin-Chia Michael, et al. (2018) Time Series Joins, Motifs, Discords and Shapelets: a Unifying View that Exploits the Matrix Profile. Data Min Knowl Disc:83-123. Link <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10618-017-0519-9>__

Gharghabi, Shaghayegh, et al. (2018) “Matrix Profile XII: MPdist: A Novel Time Series Distance Measure to Allow Data Mining in More Challenging Scenarios.” ICDM:965-970. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8594928>__

Zimmerman, Zachary, et al. (2019) Matrix Profile XIV: Scaling Time Series Motif Discovery with GPUs to Break a Quintillion Pairwise Comparisons a Day and Beyond. SoCC '19:74-86. Link <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3357223.3362721>__

Akbarinia, Reza, and Betrand Cloez. (2019) Efficient Matrix Profile Computation Using Different Distance Functions. arXiv:1901.05708. Link <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.05708>__

Kamgar, Kaveh, et al. (2019) Matrix Profile XV: Exploiting Time Series Consensus Motifs to Find Structure in Time Series Sets. ICDM:1156-1161. Link <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8970797>__

---

License & Trademark

| STUMPY | Copyright 2019 TD Ameritrade. Released under the terms of the 3-Clause BSD license. | STUMPY is a trademark of TD Ameritrade IP Company, Inc. All rights reserved.