Introduction
NEWS: Our paper “Dynamic Binary Translation for SGX Enclaves” has been accepted by ACM TOPS’ 22 (formerly TISSEC). The full paper can be found on ACM Digital Library.
Ratel is a new framework which enables dynamic binary translation on Intel® SGX. Ratel offers complete interposition, the ability to interpose on all executed instructions in the enclave and monitor all interactions with the OS. Ratel demonstrates its effectiveness by both building a binary compatibility layer for Linux legacy applications and enabling instrumentation options for monitoring runtime code behaviors. Ratel achieves better binary compatibility and has a comparable trusted codebase in the enclave. Further, Ratel is able to serve as a general foundation for implementing a large variety of inline security monitors to safeguard enclaves from bugs and from the untrusted OS.
Ratel supports running unmodified, native Linux applications within SGX enclaves with no access to source code, without developer effort, or any changes to the binaries. Presently, Ratel runs on Intel® SGX enclaves on Linux platforms and can be the ease of porting to different OSes. Rate only works on the x86-64 architecture and is currently tested on Ubuntu 16.04 (both server and desktop version), along with Linux kernel versions 4.15.0-47-generic. We recommend building and installing Ratel on the same host platform. If you find problems with Ratel on other Linux distributions, please feel free to contact us with a detailed bug report.
License
See License.txt for details.
How to Build Ratel?
Prerequisites:
- Ensure that you have one of the following required operating systems:
- Ubuntu* 16.04.1 LTS Desktop 64bits
- Ubuntu* 16.04.1 LTS Server 64bits
- Ensure that you have a machine with hardware support for Intel® SGX:
- Please check SGX-hardware for a list of supported hardwares.
Building Intel® SGX Dependencies and Ratel with auto installation script:
Follow these instructions to download, build and install Intel® SGX driver, the modified Intel® SGX SDK, the modified Intel® SGX Platform Software (PSW) and
Ratel.
1. Download, build and install Intel® SGX Dependencies and Ratel
Use the following command(s) to download the latest source code of Ratel:
$ git clone https://github.com/ratel-enclave/ratel.git
Then run the install.sh script with sudo in the same directory (e.g., /home/myhome/github/ratel) and folow the installation procedure:
$ sudo ./install.sh
Building with Intel® SGX Dependencies:
The Linux Ratel SGX software stack is comprised of the Intel® SGX driver, the modified Intel® SGX SDK, and the modified Intel® SGX Platform Software (PSW). To build all the dependencies for Ratel completely, do the following steps:
1. Download and install the Intel® SGX driver
Use the following command(s) to download the latest source code of the SGX Driver. Also, you can download and install it from the official Intel® GitHub repositories https://github.com/01org/linux-sgx-driver:
$ git clone https://github.com/ratel-enclave/ratel-driver.git
Follow the instructions in the ratel-driver project to build and install the SGX driver.
2. Download and install the Intel® SDK for Ratel
Use the following command(s) to download the latest source code of the modified SDK:
$ git clone https://github.com/ratel-enclave/ratel-sdk.git
Follow the instructions in the modified-ratel-sdk project to build and install the modified SDK. Particularly, note that use /opt/intel as installation location.
3. Download and install the Intel® PSW for Ratel
Use the following command(s) to download the latest source code of the modified PSW:
$ git clone https://github.com/ratel-enclave/ratel-psw.git
Follow the instructions in the modified-ratel-psw project to build and install.
Building and Setting Ratel:
1. Download and build the Ratel
Use the following command(s) to download the latest source code of Ratel:
$ git clone https://github.com/ratel-enclave/ratel.git
Then run make in the same directory (e.g., /home/myhome/github/ratel) to build Ratel:
$ make
2. Setting up environment to run Ratel
Switch off ASLR (address space layout randomization) with the following command before running Ratel:
$ echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
To permanently disable ASLR (across boots). With sudo permission, create/update a file /etc/sysctl.d/01-disable-aslr.conf to contain:
kernel.randomize_va_space = 0
Go to the cpu_setup folder:
$ cd misc/cpu_setup/
Run setup.sh install with sudo, which invokes an LKM (Linux kernel module) to set the FSGSBASE bit in CR4 to 1 on each core, enabling us to use rdfsbase/rdgsbase and wrfsbase/wrgsbase in ratel-enclave :
$ sudo ./setup.sh install
To remove the module installed and clean all files generated:
$ sudo ./setup.sh clean
NOTE: You will need to run setup.sh install whenever you restart your computer or wake it up from sleep after a long time.
How to Run an Application with Ratel?
Run an application with Ratel
- Compile your example program with -pie -fPIC gcc flags.
- Put ratel, libapp.so and libdynamorio.so which will be generated after building ratel, in the same folder with the binary. Then run binary with the following command:
$ ./ratel -- ./binary-name [binary OPTIONs]
Run some small test examples with Ratel
Go to the dbt_test folder then do make to generate the test with some small test examples:
$ cd dbt_test/ && make
Run a sample Hello world program with Ratel:
$ ./ratel -- ./dbt_test/hello
Hello
NOTE: Beginning with Ubuntu 17.10, Ubuntu developers decided to build packages with PIE enabled as the default across all architectures, please check here and here for more.
Benchmarks and Applications
Currently we have tested Ratel with 6 benchmark suites :
- Parsec-Splash-2
- SPEC CPU
- HBench-OS
- IOzone
- FSCQ File system
- FSCQ single-system call, etc.
We have run following real world applications successfully with Ratel :
- Privado-Torch
- Lighttpd
- H2O
- Memcached
- SQLite
- CURL, etc.
The related benchmarks and applications can be accessed from here for testing.
For any questions or bug reports, please feel free to write to [email protected] or post an issue on our GitHub repository: https://github.com/ratel-enclave/ratel/issues.
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