mlxtend

Mlxtend (machine learning extensions) is a Python library of useful tools for the day-to-day data science tasks. It is primarily used for:

• Ensemble methods such as stacking and voting classifiers
• Feature selection and feature extraction techniques
• Visualization utilities (e.g., decision regions, confusion matrices)
• Plotting helpers for model analysis
• Frequent pattern mining, including the Apriori algorithm for association rule mining

Sebastian Raschka 2014-2026

Links

• Documentation: https://rasbt.github.io/mlxtend
• PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mlxtend
• Changelog: https://rasbt.github.io/mlxtend/CHANGELOG
• Contributing: https://rasbt.github.io/mlxtend/CONTRIBUTING
• Questions? Check out the GitHub Discussions board

Installing mlxtend

Using uv

To add mlxtend to a uv-managed project, run

uv add mlxtend

For a one-off command without changing your current project, run

uv run --with mlxtend python -c "import mlxtend; print(mlxtend.__version__)"

Dev Version

The mlxtend version on PyPI may always be one step behind; you can install the latest development version from the GitHub repository by executing

uv add "mlxtend @ git+https://github.com/rasbt/mlxtend.git"

Or, you can fork the GitHub repository from https://github.com/rasbt/mlxtend and run mlxtend from your local checkout via

git clone https://github.com/<your_username>/mlxtend.git
cd mlxtend
uv sync --group dev
uv run python -c "import mlxtend; print(mlxtend.__version__)"

Examples

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
import itertools
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from mlxtend.classifier import EnsembleVoteClassifier
from mlxtend.data import iris_data
from mlxtend.plotting import plot_decision_regions

# Initializing Classifiers
clf1 = LogisticRegression(random_state=0)
clf2 = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=0)
clf3 = SVC(random_state=0, probability=True)
eclf = EnsembleVoteClassifier(clfs=[clf1, clf2, clf3], weights=[2, 1, 1], voting='soft')

# Loading some example data
X, y = iris_data()
X = X[:,[0, 2]]

# Plotting Decision Regions
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 2)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))

for clf, lab, grd in zip([clf1, clf2, clf3, eclf],
                         ['Logistic Regression', 'Random Forest', 'RBF kernel SVM', 'Ensemble'],
                         itertools.product([0, 1], repeat=2)):
    clf.fit(X, y)
    ax = plt.subplot(gs[grd[0], grd[1]])
    fig = plot_decision_regions(X=X, y=y, clf=clf, legend=2)
    plt.title(lab)
plt.show()

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If you use mlxtend as part of your workflow in a scientific publication, please consider citing the mlxtend repository with the following DOI:

@article{raschkas_2018_mlxtend,
  author       = {Sebastian Raschka},
  title        = {MLxtend: Providing machine learning and data science 
                  utilities and extensions to Python’s  
                  scientific computing stack},
  journal      = {The Journal of Open Source Software},
  volume       = {3},
  number       = {24},
  month        = apr,
  year         = 2018,
  publisher    = {The Open Journal},
  doi          = {10.21105/joss.00638},
  url          = {https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.00638}
}

• Raschka, Sebastian (2018) MLxtend: Providing machine learning and data science utilities and extensions to Python’s scientific computing stack. J Open Source Softw 3(24).

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License

• This project is released under a permissive new BSD open source license (LICENSE-BSD3.txt) and commercially usable. There is no warranty; not even for merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
• In addition, you may use, copy, modify and redistribute all artistic creative works (figures and images) included in this distribution under the directory according to the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. See the file LICENSE-CC-BY.txt for details. (Computer-generated graphics such as the plots produced by matplotlib fall under the BSD license mentioned above).

Contact

The best way to ask questions is via the GitHub Discussions channel. In case you encounter usage bugs, please don’t hesitate to use the GitHub’s issue tracker directly.