Chaos testing tool for Docker, containerd, and Podman
Quick Start ·
User Guide ·
Network Chaos ·
Deployment ·
Contributing
Pumba is a chaos testing and network emulation tool for Docker, containerd, and Podman containers. Inspired by Netflix Chaos Monkey, Pumba brings chaos engineering to the container level — kill, stop, pause, and remove containers, inject network delays and packet loss, or stress-test container resources.
How It Works
graph LR
A[Pumba CLI] -->|Docker API / containerd API / Podman compat API| B[Container Runtime]
B -->|List & Filter| C[Target Containers]
A -->|kill / stop / pause / rm| C
A -->|netem / iptables| D[Helper Container / Direct Exec]
D -->|Shares network namespace| C
D -->|Runs tc / iptables| E[Network Chaos]
Supported runtimes
| Runtime |
Socket (default) |
netem / iptables / stress |
Notes |
| Docker |
/var/run/docker.sock |
Works as root or with socket access |
Default runtime. |
| containerd |
/run/containerd/containerd.sock |
Requires root (overlayfs mounts for sidecar) |
Namespaces: k8s.io (Kubernetes), moby (Docker-managed), default (pure containerd). |
| Podman |
/run/podman/podman.sock (rootful) |
Requires rootful Podman (fails fast else) |
Uses Podman’s Docker-compat API; on macOS pumba runs inside podman machine (see below). |
Pumba targets Linux containers — every chaos action depends on Linux primitives (netns, cgroups v2, iptables, tc qdiscs, container runtime sockets). Released binaries:
| OS |
amd64 |
arm64 |
Notes |
| Linux |
✅ |
✅ |
Primary target. Run pumba on the same kernel as the targeted containers. |
| macOS |
✅ |
✅ |
Developer ergonomics only. Use it to drive a remote Docker/Podman/containerd VM (e.g. Colima, podman machine). |
| Windows |
❌ |
❌ |
Not supported and not planned. See below. |
Windows is intentionally not built. The chaos primitives — Linux netns/cgroup writes, tc/iptables sidecar injection, POSIX signal forwarding (SIGCONT/SIGSTOP/SIGUSR1/SIGUSR2 used by the containerd runtime) — have no Windows equivalent. There is no plausible Windows use case even with Docker Desktop’s WSL2 backend, so no Windows binary is published. PRs adding Windows support will not be accepted; please run pumba on Linux (native, container, or VM).
Features
| Category |
Commands |
Description |
| Container Chaos |
kill, stop, pause, rm, restart |
Disrupt container lifecycle |
| Execute |
exec |
Run commands inside containers |
| Network Delay |
netem delay |
Add latency to egress traffic |
| Packet Loss |
netem loss, iptables loss |
Drop packets (egress and ingress) |
| Network Effects |
netem duplicate, corrupt, rate |
Duplicate, corrupt, or rate-limit packets |
| Combined Effects |
netem combine |
Apply multiple effects in one owned netem qdisc |
| Stress Testing |
stress |
CPU, memory, I/O stress via stress-ng (child cgroup or same-cgroup injection) |
| Targeting |
names, regex (re2:), labels, --random |
Flexible container selection; netem/iptables also offer opt-in --match-all |
| Scheduling |
--interval |
Recurring chaos at fixed intervals |
| Agents |
schema, --output ndjson |
CLI description as JSON; result events on stdout |
| Leftover check |
status [--check], revert --run-id |
Inspect faults and recover eligible run-tagged rules/sidecars |
Quick Start
Install
Download the latest release for your platform, or use Docker:
# Binary
curl -sL https://github.com/alexei-led/pumba/releases/latest/download/pumba_linux_amd64 -o pumba
chmod +x pumba
# Docker (recommended)
docker pull ghcr.io/alexei-led/pumba:latest
First Chaos
# Kill a random container matching "test" every 30 seconds
pumba --interval=30s --random kill "re2:^test"
# Add 3 seconds network delay to mydb for 5 minutes
pumba netem --duration 5m delay --time 3000 mydb
# Combine 100ms delay and 20% packet loss in one qdisc
pumba netem --duration 5m combine --delay --delay-time 100 --loss --loss-percent 20 -- mydb
# Drop 10% of incoming packets to myapp for 2 minutes
pumba iptables --duration 2m loss --probability 0.1 myapp
# Stress CPU of mycontainer for 60 seconds
pumba stress --duration 60s --stressors="--cpu 4 --timeout 60s" mycontainer
# Did a crashed run leave faults behind? Exit 0 only when clean
pumba status --check myapp
Containerd Runtime
# Kill a container by ID via containerd
pumba --runtime containerd --containerd-namespace k8s.io kill <container-id>
# Add network delay via containerd (requires tc in the container image)
pumba --runtime containerd --containerd-namespace moby \
netem --duration 5m delay --time 3000 <container-id>
Podman Runtime
Pumba talks to Podman via its Docker-compat socket. --podman-socket is optional — if empty, pumba probes $CONTAINER_HOST, $PODMAN_SOCK, podman machine inspect, /run/podman/podman.sock, and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/podman/podman.sock in order.
# Kill a container by name via Podman (rootful socket auto-detected)
sudo pumba --runtime podman kill mycontainer
# Add network delay via Podman (requires rootful socket)
sudo pumba --runtime podman netem --duration 5m delay --time 3000 mycontainer
# Stress CPU via Podman (default child-cgroup mode)
sudo pumba --runtime podman stress --duration 60s --stressors="--cpu 4 --timeout 60s" mycontainer
# Explicit socket override
pumba --runtime podman --podman-socket unix:///run/podman/podman.sock kill mycontainer
netem, iptables, and stress require rootful Podman — rootless fails fast with a clear message pointing at podman machine set --rootful (macOS) or the rootful systemd unit (Linux).
macOS development with Podman
Podman on macOS runs inside a Linux VM. Pumba must run on the same kernel as the target containers (host-side /proc/<pid>/cgroup read), so run the pumba binary inside the podman machine VM:
# one-time setup
brew install podman
podman machine init --rootful --cpus 4 --memory 4096 --now
podman machine ssh sudo dnf install -y bats # optional, for bats tests
# copy a linux/arm64 or linux/amd64 pumba binary into the VM
podman machine ssh sudo cp /path/to/pumba /usr/local/bin/
# run inside the VM
podman machine ssh sudo pumba --runtime podman --log-level debug ps
podman machine ssh sudo pumba --runtime podman netem --duration 10s delay --time 200 <container-id>
Tip: For network chaos on containers without tc/iptables, use --tc-image to spawn a sidecar:
pumba --runtime containerd netem --tc-image ghcr.io/alexei-led/pumba-alpine-nettools:latest \
--duration 5m delay --time 3000 <container-id>
Global flags
| Flag |
Default |
Environment variable |
Description |
--host, -H |
unix:///var/run/docker.sock |
DOCKER_HOST |
Daemon socket to connect to |
--runtime |
docker |
— |
Container runtime: docker, containerd, or podman |
--containerd-socket |
/run/containerd/containerd.sock |
— |
containerd socket location |
--containerd-namespace |
k8s.io |
— |
containerd namespace |
--podman-socket |
Empty (auto-detected) |
— |
Podman socket URI; see Podman Runtime for discovery |
--tls |
false |
— |
Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify |
--tlsverify |
false |
DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY |
Use TLS and verify the remote |
--tlscacert |
/etc/ssl/docker/ca.pem |
— |
Trust certificates signed only by this CA |
--tlscert |
/etc/ssl/docker/cert.pem |
— |
Client certificate for TLS authentication |
--tlskey |
/etc/ssl/docker/key.pem |
— |
Client key for TLS authentication |
--log-level, -l |
warning |
LOG_LEVEL |
Log level: debug, info, warning, error, fatal, panic |
--json, -j |
false |
LOG_JSON |
JSON log output (Logstash/Splunk-friendly) |
--slackhook |
Empty |
— |
Slack incoming webhook URL for log events |
--slackchannel |
#pumba |
— |
Slack channel for log events |
--interval, -i |
0s (single run) |
— |
Recurring interval; accepts ms, s, m, or h |
--label |
Empty list |
— |
Filter by labels: --label k1=v1 --label k2=v2 or --label k1=v1,k2=v2 (AND logic); unsupported for containerd |
--max-targets |
unset |
— |
Refuse before any injection when targets exceed N after --limit/--random; 0 disables the cap; applies to dry-run and every interval tick |
--random, -r |
false |
— |
Pick one matching container at random |
--dry-run |
false |
DRY-RUN |
Preview without chaos or duration waits; netem/iptables print apply/revert commands to stdout |
--skip-error |
false |
— |
Skip chaos command errors and retry on the next interval tick |
--output, -o |
text |
— |
ndjson: result events (pumba.event/v1) on stdout, one per line; logs stay on stderr |
--run-id |
Generated |
— |
Name this run in result events and tag what it creates (sidecar labels, iptables comments); 1–48 characters from [A-Za-z0-9_.-] |
--max-duration |
0 (unlimited) |
— |
Time budget for active chaos and --interval; on expiry in-flight chaos is cleaned up and the run exits 1 |
--webhook |
Empty |
— |
POST each result event as JSON to this http(s) URL; best effort, in every --output mode |
--help, -h |
false |
— |
Show help (built-in) |
--version, -v |
false |
— |
Print the version (built-in) |
TLS certificate defaults use DOCKER_CERT_PATH instead of /etc/ssl/docker when set.
--interval=0 runs once. Use --skip-error with intervals to continue after transient failures.
Safety-cap refusals are never suppressed by --skip-error.
Agents and scripts: pumba schema prints every command and flag as JSON (pumba.cli/v1) without a runtime socket; see docs/agents.md for it, the result event contract, error codes and exit codes.
Run with Docker
docker run -it --rm \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
ghcr.io/alexei-led/pumba --interval=10s --random kill "re2:^test"
Docker Images
| Registry |
Image |
Status |
| GitHub Container Registry |
ghcr.io/alexei-led/pumba |
✅ Primary |
| Docker Hub |
alexeiled/pumba |
⚠️ Deprecated |
Images are built natively for linux/amd64 and linux/arm64 (no QEMU).
Documentation
| Document |
Description |
| User Guide |
Container chaos commands, targeting, scheduling, configuration |
| Network Chaos |
netem, iptables, advanced scenarios, architecture diagrams |
| Auth Outage Rehearsal |
Bounded staging auth-dependency outage example |
| Stress Testing |
CPU/memory/IO stress testing with stress-ng |
| Deployment |
Docker, Kubernetes DaemonSets, OpenShift |
| Agents |
NDJSON/webhook events, pumba schema, status --check, exit codes, run budget |
| Architecture |
Module boundaries and the archfit policy that enforces them |
| Contributing |
Build from source, run tests, project structure |
Demo
License
Apache License 2.0
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