RIOT OS: The friendly Operating System for IoT
RIOT is an open-source microcontroller operating system, designed to match
the requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other embedded devices.
It supports a range of devices that are typically found in the Internet of Things (IoT):
8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers.
RIOT is based on the following design principles: energy-efficiency, real-time
capabilities, small memory footprint, modularity, and uniform API access,
independent of the underlying hardware (this API offers partial POSIX
compliance).
RIOT is developed by an international open source community which is
independent of specific vendors (e.g. similarly to the Linux community).
RIOT is licensed with LGPLv2.1, a copyleft license which fosters
indirect business models around the free open-source software platform
provided by RIOT, e.g. it is possible to link closed-source code with the
LGPL code.
Getting Started
- Start here:
Our comprehensive Getting Started Guide
walks you through installation and your first RIOT applications.
- Learn by doing:
- Explore the API: Check out the API documentation
for detailed information on RIOT’s features and functions.
Contributing
RIOT is developed by its community, and contributions of all kinds are welcome:
code, documentation, bug reports, and reviews. If this is your first time
with RIOT consider first following our Getting Started Guides.
- Start here: Our contributing document explains the
workflow, commit conventions, and review process.
- Follow the style: Make sure your changes comply with our
coding conventions. You can run
make static-test to
check them before opening a pull request.
- Declare AI tool usage: All pull requests require a declaration of
AI/LLM usage. If you use AI tools, please also read our
AI Policy.
All relevant information around contributing to RIOT can also be found in our
Developing RIOT Guides.
Features
RIOT provides features including, but not limited to:
- Platforms: 300+ boards based on 8/16/32-bit AVR, MSP430, ARM7,
ARM Cortex-M, RISC-V, ESP8266, ESP32 MCUs and more. Multiple native development
instances can be interconnected via a virtual Ethernet bridge
or a simulated IEEE 802.15.4 network (ZEP).
- Programming environment: Write native code in C, C++, or Rust, relying
on POSIX APIs, uniform hardware abstractions, and standard embedded Rust
interfaces. Dynamic runtimes include MicroPython, JavaScript, Lua,
and WebAssembly (WAMR).
- Packages: A large third-party package ecosystem covering GUIs (LVGL),
USB (TinyUSB), machine learning (TensorFlow Lite Micro, emlearn),
serialization (Nanopb, FlatBuffers), an embedded database (FlashDB), the
Embedded Template Library (ETL), Arduino API compatibility, and
compression and parsing (heatshrink, LZ4, jsmn, mjson).
- Networking and protocols: IPv6 and IPv4 (lwIP), 6LoWPAN, IEEE 802.15.4,
Ethernet (also via USB), SLIP/ethos, and DOSE (Differentially Operated
Serial Ethernet), TCP and UDP, RPL, CoAP, MQTT and MQTT-SN, LwM2M, DNS,
DHCPv6, and SNTP, CCN-Lite, and SCHC.
- Wireless: Bluetooth Low Energy via NimBLE, Thread via OpenThread,
LoRaWAN, and UWB.
- System: A preemptive, tickless scheduler with priorities and optional
round-robin, flexible memory management, high-resolution and long-term
timers, an MTD abstraction, file systems, a shell,
and the SAUL sensor/actuator registry.
- Security: SUIT OTA updates, the PSA Crypto API, DTLS/TLS (tinyDTLS,
Mbed TLS, wolfSSL), EDHOC, OSCORE, and FIDO2.
- Device drivers: SPI, I2C, UART, USB, CAN, RTC, PWM, timers, ADC
and DAC, environmental, IMU, magnetometer, particulate matter, and GNSS
sensors, servos, motors, dimmers, switches, RGB LEDs, displays, and
touchscreens.
You can ask for help on the Forum or on Matrix. Please send bug reports and
feature requests to our GitHub issue tracker
- The Forum is the default place to start asking for
help. Our Forum provides an archive of prior questions and answers.
- For chat, we use
#riot-os:matrix.org on the
Matrix chat network.
Governance
For how our community is structured and governed,
please see our governance document.
Collaboration
RIOT closely collaborates with and inspires other open source projects,
e.g., Ariel OS, an IoT OS written in Rust.
We are more than happy to collaborate with those who share our
vision.
License
- Most of the code developed by the RIOT community is licensed under the GNU
Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 as published by the Free
Software Foundation.
- Some external sources, especially files developed by SICS are published under
a separate license.
All code files contain licensing information.
For more information, see the RIOT website.
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