技术解读

以下内容由 GitRead 中文社区 编辑团队基于项目 README 与官方资料整理, 结合中文开发者的常见使用场景补充技术选型建议。具体以项目官方文档为准。

AlaaLab/deep-learning-uncertainty 项目深度技术分析

项目背景与痛点

在深度学习领域,不确定性估计是一个广泛关注的问题。模型的不确定性能帮助我们理解模型的可信度,并在实际应用中评估模型的预测风险。然而,大多数深度学习模型在不确定性估计方面表现不足,导致某些情况下模型预测不稳定或错误。

项目 “AlaaLab/deep-learning-uncertainty” 正是为了这一痛点而设计的。它汇集了多种基线方法及其实验设置,旨在帮助研究人员和工程师评估和理解深度学习模型的不确定性。项目中的文献综述和论文评审也提供了大量的理论支撑和方法论参考,使得开发者能够迅速掌握基本的不确定性估计模型。

核心技术揭秘

该项目的核心在于系统地整理并实现了多种不确定性估计的基线方法。每个方法都有相应的代码实现、实验设置和参数配置,使得开发者可以方便地进行实验和对比。

以下是一个概要的架构图,展示了项目中几种典型方法的数据流和参数配置处理:

graph TD A[用户选择方法] --> B[加载配置] B --> C{"参数校验"} C -->|"通过"| D[执行训练] C -->|"失败"| E[反馈错误] D --> F[输出模型] F --> G[生成报告] G --> H[验证准确性] H --> I[评估不确定性] I --> J[生成详细报告]

在这个流程中,用户首先选择合适的不确定性估计方法,系统加载相应配置并校验参数。校验通过后,系统开始模型训练并最终输出模型。之后,系统生成测试报告并验证模型的准确性与不确定性估计的能力。项目通过对这些步骤的封装,使得不确定性估计的研究工作更加系统化和规范化。

功能亮点与差异

相比于同类项目,AlaaLab/deep-learning-uncertainty 在功能上的最大亮点是其详尽的文献综述和论文评审部分,这为开发者提供了大量的理论参考和支持。同时,项目中提供了多种基线方法的实现代码,减轻了开发者学习和实现这些方法的负担,使其能够快速进入实验阶段。

在设计方面,该项目强调的是各种基线方法的系统测试和基准化,帮助用户了解这些方法在不同场景的表现,而不仅仅是简单地提供代码实现。这一差异使得该项目不仅是一个代码仓库,更是一个学习和研究深度学习不确定性估计的重要平台。

应用场景与落地建议

在实际应用中,在生产环境使用该项目时需要关注模型的多样性和不确定性估计的准确性。开发者在引入不确定性估计方法之前,应该清楚地理解业务需求,选择合适的方法进行实验。项目本身适合用于金融、医疗等对预测精度和不确定性有高度要求的场景。

建议在进行生产部署之前,开发者应该详细阅读每个方法的理论背景和实现细节,以确保正确配置模型参数,并在实际环境中进行充分的测试。

综合评价

优点方面,AlaaLab/deep-learning-uncertainty 集成了多种基线方法,为用户提供了一个详尽的实现和研究平台。不仅如此,详细的文献综述和论文评审使得开发者能够快速上手并深入研究。

缺点则在于,虽涵盖了很多方法,但某些方法的具体实现和配置可能还需要开发者自行探索。此外,部分方法的理论背景和实现细节较为复杂,对于初学者可能会有一定的门槛。

总体而言,这是一个高质量的开源项目,尤其适合对不确定性估计有深入了解需求的研究人员和工程师。

关于

GitHub 原始描述(英文)

Literature survey, paper reviews, experimental setups and a collection of implementations for baselines methods for predictive uncertainty estimation in deep learning models.

描述取自 GitHub 官方 API,保持仓库作者书写的原文。

简要分析

热度分
819
价值分
409
活跃状态
活跃

语言占比

Jupyter Notebook
Python

README

Uncertainty Quantification in Deep Learning

Python 3.6+ PyTorch 1.1.0

This repo contains literature survey and implementation of baselines for predictive uncertainty estimation in deep learning.

Literature survey

Basic background for uncertainty estimation
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  • B. Efron. “Jackknife‐after‐bootstrap standard errors and influence functions.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 1992. [Link]

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  • R. F. Barber, E. J. Candes, A. Ramdas, and R. J. Tibshirani. “Conformal prediction under covariate shift.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.06019, 2019. [Link]

  • R. F. Barber, E. J. Candes, A. Ramdas, and R. J. Tibshirani. “The limits of distribution-free conditional predictive inference.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.04684, 2019b. [Link]

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  • R. Giordano, W. Stephenson, R. Liu, M. I. Jordan, and T. Broderick. “A Swiss Army Infinitesimal Jackknife.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.00550, 2018. [Link]

  • P. W. Koh, and P. Liang. “Understanding black-box predictions via influence functions.” ICML, 2017. [Link]

  • S. Wager and S. Athey. “Estimation and inference of heterogeneous treatment effects using random forests.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2018. [Link]

  • J. F. Lawless, and M. Fredette. “Frequentist prediction intervals and predictive distributions.” Biometrika, 2005. [Link]

  • F. R. Hampel, E. M. Ronchetti, P. J. Rousseeuw, and W. A. Stahel. “Robust statistics: the approach based on influence functions.” John Wiley and Sons, 2011. [Link]

  • P. J. Huber and E. M. Ronchetti. “Robust Statistics.” John Wiley and Sons, 1981.

  • Y. Romano, R. F. Barber, C. Sabatti, E. J. Candès. “With Malice Towards None: Assessing Uncertainty via Equalized Coverage.” arXiv, 2019. [Link]

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Predictive uncertainty for general machine learning models
  • A. Malinin, L. Prokhorenkova, A. Ustimenko. “Uncertainty in Gradient Boosting via Ensembles.” ICLR, 2021. [Link]

  • S. Feldman, S. Bates, Y. Romano. “Improving Conditional Coverage via Orthogonal Quantile Regression.” arXiv preprint, 2021. [Link]

  • S. Bates, A. Angelopoulos , L. Lei, J. Malik, and M. I. Jordan. “Distribution-Free, Risk-Controlling Prediction Sets.” arXiv preprint, 2021. [Link]

  • S. Wager, T. Hastie, and B. Efron. “Confidence intervals for random forests: The jackknife and the infinitesimal jackknife.” The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2014. [Link]

  • L. Mentch and G. Hooker. “Quantifying uncertainty in random forests via confidence intervals and hypothesis tests.” The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2016. [Link]

  • J. Platt. “Probabilistic outputs for support vector machines and comparisons to regularized likelihood methods.” Advances in large margin classifiers, 1999. [Link]

  • A. Abadie, S. Athey, G. Imbens. “Sampling-based vs. design-based uncertainty in regression analysis.” arXiv preprint (arXiv:1706.01778), 2017. [Link]

  • T. Duan, A. Avati, D. Y. Ding, S. Basu, Andrew Y. Ng, and A. Schuler. “NGBoost: Natural Gradient Boosting for Probabilistic Prediction.” arXiv preprint, 2019. [Link]

  • V. Franc, and D. Prusa. “On Discriminative Learning of Prediction Uncertainty.” ICML, 2019. [Link]

  • Y. Romano, M. Sesia, and E. J. Candès. “Classification with Valid and Adaptive Coverage.” arXiv preprint, 2020. [Link]

Predictive uncertainty for deep learning
  • I. Osband, Z. Wen, M. Asghari, M. Ibrahimi, X. Lu, and B. Van Roy “Epistemic Neural Networks.” arXiv, 2021. [Link]

  • Abdar, Moloud, et al. “A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges.” Information Fusion, 2021. [Link]

  • Gawlikowski, Jakob, et al. “A Survey of Uncertainty in Deep Neural Networks.” arXiv preprint, 2021. [Link]

  • P. Morales-Alvarez, D. Hernández-Lobato, R. Molina, J. M. Hernández-Lobato. “Activation-level uncertainty in deep neural networks.” ICLR, 2021. [Link]

  • A. Angelopoulos, S. Bates, J. Malik, and M. I. Jordan. “Uncertainty Sets for Image Classifiers using Conformal Prediction.” ICLR, 2021. [Link]

  • K. Patel, W. H. Beluch, B. Yang, M. Pfeiffer, D. Zhang. “Multi-Class Uncertainty Calibration via Mutual Information Maximization-based Binning.” ICLR 2021. [Link]

  • B. Adlam, J. Lee, L. Xiao, J. Pennington, J. Snoek. “Exploring the Uncertainty Properties of Neural Networks’ Implicit Priors in the Infinite-Width Limit.” ICLR 2021. [Link]

  • A. Harakeh, S. L. Waslander. “Estimating and Evaluating Regression Predictive Uncertainty in Deep Object Detectors.” ICLR 2021. [Link]

  • J. Antoran, U. Bhatt, T. Adel, A. Weller, J. M. Hernández-Lobato. “Getting a CLUE: A Method for Explaining Uncertainty Estimates.” ICLR 2021. [Link]

  • A.-K. Kopetzki, B. Charpentier, D. Zügner, S. Giri, S. Günnemann. “Evaluating Robustness of Predictive Uncertainty Estimation: Are Dirichlet-based Models Reliable?” ICML 2021. [Link]

  • A. Zhou and S. Levine. “Amortized Conditional Normalized Maximum Likelihood: Reliable Out of Distribution Uncertainty Estimation.” ICML, 2021. [Link]

  • M. Havasi, R. Jenatton, S. Fort, J. Z. Liu, J. Snoek, B. Lakshminarayanan, A. M. Dai, and D. Tran. “Training independent subnetworks for robust prediction.” ICLR, 2021. [Link]

  • B. Adlam, J. Lee, L. Xiao, J. Pennington, J. Snoek. “Exploring the Uncertainty Properties of Neural Networks’ Implicit Priors in the Infinite-Width Limit”. ICLR, 2021. [Link]

  • A. N. Angelopoulos, S. Bates, T. Zrnic, M. I. Jordan. “Private Prediction Sets.” arXiv, 2021. [Link]

  • B. Charpentier, D. Zügner, S. Günnemann. “Posterior Network: Uncertainty Estimation without OOD Samples via Density-Based Pseudo-Counts.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • L. Meronen, C. Irwanto, A. Solin. “Stationary Activations for Uncertainty Calibration in Deep Learning.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • F. Wenzel, J. Snoek, D. Tran, R. Jenatton. “Hyperparameter Ensembles for Robustness and Uncertainty Quantification.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • J. Liu, Z. Lin, S. Padhy, D. Tran, T. Bedrax Weiss, B. Lakshminarayanan. “Simple and Principled Uncertainty Estimation with Deterministic Deep Learning via Distance Awareness.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • J. Lindinger, D. Reeb, C. Lippert, B. Rakitsch. “Beyond the Mean-Field: Structured Deep Gaussian Processes Improve the Predictive Uncertainties.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • J. Antoran, J. Allingham, J. M. Hernández-Lobato. “Depth Uncertainty in Neural Networks.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • M. Monteiro, L. Le Folgoc, D. C. de Castro, N. Pawlowski, B. Marques, K. Kamnitsas, M. van der Wilk, B. Glocker. “Stochastic Segmentation Networks: Modelling Spatially Correlated Aleatoric Uncertainty.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • W. Shi, X. Zhao, F. Chen, Q. Yu. “Multifaceted Uncertainty Estimation for Label-Efficient Deep Learning.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • R. Krishnan, O. Tickoo. “Improving model calibration with accuracy versus uncertainty optimization.” NeurIPS, 2020. [Link]

  • J. A. Leonard, M. A. Kramer, and L. H. Ungar. “A neural network architecture that computes its own reliability.” Computers & chemical engineering, 1992. [Link]

  • C. Blundell, J. Cornebise, K. Kavukcuoglu, and D. Wierstra. “Weight uncertainty in neural networks.” ICML, 2015. [Link]

  • B. Lakshminarayanan, A. Pritzel, and C. Blundell. “Simple and scalable predictive uncertainty estimation using deep ensembles.” NeurIPS, 2017. [Link]

  • Y. Gal and Z. Ghahramani. “Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learning.” ICML, 2016. [Link]

  • V. Kuleshov, N. Fenner, and S. Ermon. “Accurate Uncertainties for Deep Learning Using Calibrated Regression.” ICML, 2018. [Link]

  • J. Hernández-Lobato and R. Adams. “Probabilistic backpropagation for scalable learning of bayesian neural networks.” ICML, 2015. [Link]

  • S. Liang, Y. Li, and R. Srikant. “Enhancing The Reliability of Out-of-distribution Image Detection in Neural Networks.” ICLR, 2018. [Link]

  • K. Lee, H. Lee, K. Lee, and J. Shin. “Training Confidence-calibrated classifiers for detecting out-of-distribution samples.” ICLR, 2018. [Link]

  • P. Schulam and S. Saria “Can You Trust This Prediction? Auditing Pointwise Reliability After Learning.” AISTATS, 2019. [Link]

  • A. Malinin and M. Gales. “Predictive uncertainty estimation via prior networks.” NeurIPS, 2018. [Link]

  • D. Hendrycks, M. Mazeika, and T. G. Dietterich. “Deep anomaly detection with outlier exposure.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.04606, 2018. [Link]

  • A-A. Papadopoulos, M. R. Rajati, N. Shaikh, and J. Wang. “Outlier exposure with confidence control for out-of-distribution detection.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.03509, 2019. [Link]

  • D. Madras, J. Atwood, A. D’Amour, “Detecting Extrapolation with Influence Functions.” ICML Workshop on Uncertainty and Robustness in Deep Learning, 2019. [Link]

  • M. Sensoy, L. Kaplan, and M. Kandemir. “Evidential deep learning to quantify classification uncertainty.” NeurIPS, 2018. [Link]

  • W. Maddox, T. Garipov, P. Izmailov, D. Vetrov, and A. G. Wilson. “A simple baseline for bayesian uncertainty in deep learning.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.02476, 2019. [Link]

  • Y. Ovadia, et al. “Can You Trust Your Model’s Uncertainty? Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty Under Dataset Shift.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.02530, 2019. [Link]

  • D. Hendrycks, et al. “Using Self-Supervised Learning Can Improve Model Robustness and Uncertainty.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.12340, 2019. [Link]

  • A. Kumar, P. Liang, T. Ma. “Verified Uncertainty Calibration.” arXiv preprint, 2019. [Link]

  • I. Osband, C. Blundell, A. Pritzel, and B. Van Roy. “Deep Exploration via Bootstrapped DQN.” NeurIPS, 2016. [Link]

  • I. Osband. “Risk versus Uncertainty in Deep Learning: Bayes, Bootstrap and the Dangers of Dropout.” NeurIPS Workshop, 2016. [Link]

  • J. Postels et al. “Sampling-free Epistemic Uncertainty Estimation Using Approximated Variance Propagation.” ICCV, 2019. [Link]

  • A. Kendall and Y. Gal. “What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?” NeurIPS, 2017. [Link]

  • N. Tagasovska and D. Lopez-Paz. “Single-Model Uncertainties for Deep Learning.” NeurIPS, 2019. [Link]

  • A. Der Kiureghian and O. Ditlevsen. “Aleatory or Epistemic? Does it Matter?.” Structural Safety, 2009. [Link]

  • D. Hafner, D. Tran, A. Irpan, T. Lillicrap, and J. Davidson. “Reliable uncertainty estimates in deep neural networks using noise contrastive priors.” arXiv, 2018. [Link]

  • S. Depeweg, J. M. Hernández-Lobato, F. Doshi-Velez, and S. Udluft. “Decomposition of uncertainty in Bayesian deep learning for efficient and risk-sensitive learning.” ICML, 2018. [Link]

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  • M. W. Dusenberry, G. Jerfel, Y. Wen, Yi-an Ma, J. Snoek, K. Heller, B. Lakshminarayanan, D. Tran. “Efficient and Scalable Bayesian Neural Nets with Rank-1 Factors.” arXiv, 2020. [Link]

  • J. van Amersfoort, L. Smith, Y. W. Teh, and Y. Gal. “Uncertainty Estimation Using a Single Deep Deterministic Neural Network.” ICML, 2020. [Link]

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Predictive uncertainty in sequential models
  • A. Malinin, M. Gales. “Uncertainty Estimation in Autoregressive Structured Prediction.” ICLR, 2021. [Link]

  • C. Wang, C. Lawrence, M. Niepert. “Uncertainty Estimation and Calibration with Finite-State Probabilistic RNNs.” ICLR, 2021. [Link]

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