C-and-C-plus-plus

the organization of project

. CUDA_Programming
|—— 01_kernelFunction
|   |—— main.cu
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— 05_CudaError
|   |—— include
|   |—— |—— add.cuh
|   |—— |—— cudaError.cuh
|   |—— src
|   |—— |—— add.cu
|   |—— |—— cudaError.cu
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— README.md

the basic development environment

# Modern code editor: Visual Studio Code
winget show code

# Build tool: CMake
cmake --version
# cmake version 3.26.3

# Compile tool: g++ from MinGW-64
g++ --version
gcc --version
mingw32-make --version
# g++.exe (MinGW-W64 x86_64-ucrt-posix-seh, built by Brecht Sanders) 12.2.0
# gcc.exe (MinGW-W64 x86_64-ucrt-posix-seh, built by Brecht Sanders) 12.2.0
# GNU Make 4.4 Built for x86_64-w64-mingw32

# GLFW: Windows pre-compiled binaries || 64-bit Windows binaries

# GLAD: Language(C/C++) || Specification(OpenGL) || Profile(Core) 
# || API-gl(Version 4.6) || others(None) ---> generate

the organization of project

. LearningOpenGL
|—— 00_hello_opengl
|   |—— src
|   |—— |—— hello_opengl.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— 01_hello_triangle
|   |—— src
|   |—— |—— hello_triangle.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— 02_rectangular
|—— 03_shader
|—— 03_shader
|—— 04_uniform
|—— 05_attribute
|—— 06_texture
|—— 07_transformations
|—— 08_coordinate
|—— 09_camera
|   |—— include
|   |—— |—— utils.hpp
|   |—— |—— shader.hpp
|   |—— shader
|   |—— |—— fragment.glsl
|   |—— |—— vertex.glsl
|   |—— src
|   |—— |—— camera_keyboard.cpp
|   |—— |—— camera_mouse_zoom.cpp
|   |—— |—— camera.cpp
|   |—— |—— shader.cpp
|   |—— |—— utils.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— thirdparty
|   |—— GLAD
|   |—— |—— include
|   |—— |—— src
|   |—— GLFW
|   |—— |—— include
|   |—— |—— lib
|   |—— STB
|   |—— |—— stb_image.h
|   |—— GLM
|   |—— |—— cmake
|   |—— |—— glm
|   |—— |—— |—— common.hpp
|—— bin
|—— lib
|—— build
|—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— images
|   |—— rendering_pileline.png
|—— README.md

some Useful linker

• GLFW
• GLAD
• STB
• GLM
• Learning OpenGL
• Learning OpenGL 中文
• OpenGL Extension Viewer tool

Basic Concepts

• Graphics and Image
• Computer Graphics & Digital Image Processing & Computer Vision
• OpenGL identifier rule: <库前缀><根命令><可选参数数量><可选参数类型> “glColor3f”
• OpenGL Graphics Pipeline: the process of transforming 3D coordinates to 2D pixels
• Traditional rendering pipeline VS Volume rendering algorithm
• Shader and OpenGL Shading Language(GLSL)
• Primitive and Primitive Assembly
• Normalized Device Coordinates,NDC

在OpenGL中, 任何事物都在3D空间中, 而屏幕和窗口却是2D像素数组, 这导致OpenGL的大部分工作都是关于把3D坐标转变为适应你屏幕的2D像素; 3D坐标转为2D坐标的处理过程是由OpenGL的图形渲染管线(Graphics Pipeline, 大多译为管线, 实际上指的是一堆原始图形数据途经一个输送管道, 期间经过各种变化处理最终出现在屏幕的过程)管理的; 图形渲染管线可以被划分为两个主要部分: 第一部分把你的3D坐标转换为2D坐标; 第二部分是把2D坐标转变为实际的有颜色的像素; 2D坐标和像素也是不同的, 2D坐标精确表示一个点在2D空间中的位置, 而2D像素是这个点的近似值, 2D像素受到你的屏幕/窗口分辨率的限制; 图形渲染管线可以被划分为几个阶段, 每个阶段将会把前一个阶段的输出作为输入; 所有这些阶段都是高度专门化的(它们都有一个特定的函数), 并且很容易并行执行, 正是由于它们具有并行执行的特性, 当今大多数显卡都有成千上万的小处理核心, 它们在GPU上为每一个渲染管线阶段运行各自的小程序, 从而在图形渲染管线中快速处理你的数据, 这些小程序叫做着色器(Shader). 有些着色器可以由开发者配置, 因为允许用自己写的着色器来代替默认的, 所以能够更细致地控制图形渲染管线中的特定部分了, 因为它们运行在GPU上, 所以节省了宝贵的CPU时间, OpenGL着色器是用OpenGL着色器语言(OpenGL Shading Language, GLSL)写成的.

Rendering Pipeline, 物体的顶点在最终转化为屏幕坐标之前还会被变换到多个坐标系统(Coordinate System); 将物体的坐标变换到几个过渡坐标系(Intermediate Coordinate System)的优点在于, 在这些特定的坐标系统中, 一些操作或运算更加方便和容易.

Quick Start

# step 1: clone the repo. and into the folder 'CppImageProcessing'
git clone --recursive https://github.com/2694048168/C-and-C-plus-plus.git
cd C-and-C-plus-plus/CppImageProcessing

# install C++ package manager 'vcpkg'
# step 2: modify the 'vspkg' install path in the top 'CMakeLists.txt' file.
set(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE "[path to vcpkg]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake")

# it may be time consumming in the first time build,
# because of downloading and building the OpenCV library.
# CMake configuration and build(compiler and linker)
cmake -B build
cmake --build build

# enter into 'bin' and running the demo example, such as 'RandomText'
cd bin
./RandomText
./CudaOpenCV

Useful Links

• OpenCV
• OpenCV contrib
• OpenCV imgproc module
• vcpkg
• CMake
• Git

Organization of Project

. CppImageProcessing
|—— hello_start
|   |—— main.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— build
|   |—— |—— vcpkg_installed
|   |—— |—— |—— x64-windows
|   |—— |—— |—— |—— bin
|   |—— |—— |—— |—— lib
|   |—— |—— |—— |—— include
|—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— vcpkg.json
|—— bin
|—— lib
|—— images
|—— README.md

CPP tutorial with CMake and Clang++

the modern C++ tutorial with CMake and Ninja build-tool and Clang++ compiler in VSCode from Shiqi Yu Prof. and the tutorial video on Bilibili

Qucik Start

# git clone this repo. and enter the folder.
git clone --recursive https://github.com/2694048168/C-and-C-plus-plus.git
cd C-and-C-plus-plus/CppSeries

# cmake build(compile and link)
cmake -B build -G Ninja
cmake --build build

# or g++/clang++ for single source cpp file
g++ hello.cpp -std=c++17 -o main
clang++ hello.cpp -std=c++17 -o main

# in the 'CppSeries/week10/opencv_mat' folder,
# you should build(compile and link) individually with CMake,
# the more detail information seen in 'README.md' file in this folder.

Organization of Repo.

. Project_Name
|—— week01
|   |—— arithmetic
|   |—— |—— mymul.hpp
|   |—— |—— mymul.cpp
|   |—— hello.cpp
|   |—— main.cpp
|   |—— exercises.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— week04
|   |—— array.cpp
|   |—— stdstring.cpp
|   |—— struct.cpp
|   |—— union.cpp
|   |—— enum.cpp
|   |—— src
|   |—— |—— main.cpp
|   |—— |—— factorial.cpp
|   |—— |—— printhello.cpp
|   |—— |—— function.hpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— week05
|   |—— pointers.cpp
|   |—— pointer_array.cpp
|   |—— pointer_arithmetic.cpp
|   |—— stack_heap.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— week06
|   |—— src
|   |—— |—— main.cpp
|   |—— |—— math
|   |—— |—— |—— mymath.hpp
|   |—— |—— |—— mymath.cpp
|   |—— basic_function.cpp
|   |—— inline_function.cpp
|   |—— param_pointer.cpp
|   |—— param_reference.cpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— week08
|   |—— main.cpp
|   |—— matoperation.cpp
|   |—— matoperation.hpp
|   |—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— build
|—— bin
|—— CMakeLists.txt
|—— README.md

Context of Repo.

• week01: Getting Started
• week02: Data Types and Arithmetic Operators
• week03: Branching and Looping Statements
• week04: Data Structures
• week05: Pointers and Dynamic Memory Management
• week06: Basics of Functions
• week07: Advances in Functions
• week08: Speedup Your Program
• week09: Basics of Classes
• week10: Advances in Classes
• week11: Dynamic Memory Management in Classes
• week12: Class Inheritance and virtual function(polymorphic)
• week13: Class Templates and std Library
• week14: Error Handling
• week15: Nested Classes and RTTI